Ways To Detect, Prevent Breast Cancer To Save Lives

By Sola Omoniyi, Lagos

Cancer is a disease that occurs when abnormal cells in the body grow and divide uncontrollably, often forming tumors. These tumors can invade and damage nearby tissues and organs, and in some cases, cancer cells can also spread to other parts of the body through the bloodstream or lymph system. The causes of cancer are complex and can involve genetic, environmental, and lifestyle factors. Treatment may include surgery, chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and other therapies to remove or destroy cancer cells.

Breast cancer is a type of cancer that forms in the tissues of the breast, usually in the ducts (tubes that carry milk to the nipple) or lobules (milk-producing glands). It can occur in both women and men but is more common in women.

Breast cancer happens when the cells in the breast begin to grow out of control and form lumps or tumors which can be seen on an X-ray or felt as a lump. In some cases, breast cancer cells can spread to other parts of the body through the bloodstream or lymph system, which can make the cancer more difficult to treat.

Risk factors for breast cancer include being female, older age, a family history of breast or ovarian cancer, certain genetic mutations, hormonal factors, and certain lifestyle factors like alcohol consumption, being overweight, or not getting enough physical activity. Treatment for breast cancer may involve surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, hormone therapy, or a combination of these treatments.

Breast cancer can be detected through several ways, including:

1. Breast self-exam: Women can check their breasts for changes in size or shape, lumps, swelling, or tenderness. Women should perform self-exams at least once a month and report any changes to their doctor immediately.

2. Mammogram: A mammogram is an X-ray of the breast that can detect breast cancer early, even before a lump can be felt.

3. Clinical breast exam: A doctor or nurse can examine the breasts for lumps or other changes.

4. MRI: Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a test that uses a powerful magnet and radio waves to create images of the breast tissue. It is used to detect breast cancer in people with a high risk of developing the disease or to evaluate suspected abnormalities found on a mammogram.

5. Biopsy: If a lump or suspicious area is found, a biopsy may be performed to remove a sample of the tissue and examine it under a microscope to determine if cancer is present.

It is important for women to talk to their doctor about their individual risk factors for breast cancer and when to begin getting regular screenings.

However, there is no surefire way to prevent breast cancer, but there are several lifestyle changes and strategies that can decrease the risk of developing breast cancer, such as:

1. Regular exercise: Moderate to intense physical activity for at least 30 minutes a day, five days a week can reduce the risk of breast cancer.

2. Healthy diet: A diet rich in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and lean protein sources can help reduce the risk of breast cancer.

3. Avoid alcohol consumption: Limiting the amount of alcohol you drink can help reduce the risk of breast cancer.

4. Maintain a healthy weight: Women who are overweight or obese have a higher risk of breast cancer.

5. Regular screening: Women should have regular breast cancer screenings, including mammograms, clinical breast exams, and self-breast exams.

6. Avoid hormonal therapy: Long-term use of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) can increase the risk for breast cancer.

7. Breastfeeding: Mothers who breastfeed their babies may also have a reduced risk of developing breast cancer.

It is always best to speak with a healthcare provider about specific lifestyle choices and their impact on breast cancer risk.